可数名词与不可数名词什么叫可数名词与不可数名词

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普通名词和专有名词英语中，名词可分为普通名词（Common Noun）和专有名词（Proper Noun）两大类。
普通名词通常可被冠词限定、被形容词修饰，例如：
She was reading a book.
She is a very good student.
专有名词则包括：a.人名（含头衔、人所赋给特定物体的名称） b.地名（含国家、城市、景点） c.日期（含星期、月份、节日），其首字母应大写，例：
I was born in China.
The Titanic sank in 1912.
Today is the National Day.
My best friend is called Xiaoming.
可数名词和不可数名词英语的名词有可数或不可数（countable or uncountable）的区分，可数名词可以被单独地、清楚地、分割地计数（Countable nouns can be individually counted），不可数名词反之。
可数名词
不可数名词
“A”, “An”, “Some”, “any”或数字可用与可数名词一起使用
Eg:
There is a book.
There are three books.
There are some books
Did you buy any apples?
可数名词可与many及few连用
Eg:
How many languages can you speak?
I have a few things to do.
不可数名词可与Some, any一起使用
Eg:
There is some milk/water/sugar/spaghetti.
Did you buy any apple juice?
We listened to some music.
I ate some pasta.
He always eats some chocolate before lunch.
不可数名词可与much及little连用
Eg:
Our flat don’t have much space.
He doesn’t have much patience.
I have a little work to do.
不可数名词可与a…of形式连用
Eg:
four bags of sugar.
a bowl of rice.
一些语法教材认为，可以通过思考一个名词是抽象的或具体的（Abstract noun or concrete noun）来大致判断其是否可数。但这种分法常常很模糊，且欠缺语法意涵（Some grammars distinguish 'abstract' and ‘concrete' nouns. However, this is not a very useful distinction, and it has no grammatical importance.）。所以我们这里采取如下办法：罗列常见不可数名词类别并举例，建立意义边界后便可以反推何谓可数名词。
常见不可数名词门类：
（1）不可分的物质
a. 无法分的物质：液体、液态
water, oil, gasoline, coffee, juice, mud, petrol, soup, blood, tea, wine, cream, yogurt, lava
b. 通常被视为整体的物质：肉、金属块、固态化的液体
meat, poultry(禽肉), fish(鱼肉), lamb(羊羔肉), mutton(羊肉), beef(牛肉), cheese, metal, gold, silver, iron, ice, butter, salad, chalk, paper(纸张，若作“论文”、“卷纸”讲，则可数), coal, bread
（注：pasta, spaghetti意面被认为种类繁杂、形态各异，因而作整体观，不可数；而noodle意为a long thin strip of pasta，“一条面”，因而可数，且常用复数形式。）
c. 气体
air, gas, smoke, oxygen, vapor, stream, fog
d. 通常被认为是由众多细小物质或剪不断理还乱的物质聚合而成
salt, sugar, snow, hair, grass, sand, rain, rice, wheat, corn, flour
（2）作为“总称”的名词
a. 学科的总称
math(数学), philology(语文学), science, chemistry
【可数名词与不可数名词什么叫可数名词与不可数名词】b. 其他总称
·其总括的对象是相对实在的fruit, money, furniture, homework, luggage, equipment, conveyance(交通工具，同traffic), weaponry, clothing

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